The Stanford Prison Experiment Essay Example for Free

The Stanford Prison Experiment Essay In August of 1971, Phillip Zimbardo constructed a mock correctional facility. Placing an ad in a local newspaper, and with over 70 responses, he conducted interviews with 70 male candidates across the U. S. and out of those 70 candidates 24 of them were sorted out through mental diseases, drug abuse, and psychological issues. With a pay of $15/a day, he divided the candidates, 9 guards and 9 prisoners. He constructed the basement floor at Stanford into a correctional facility taking the doors off hinges and replacing them with steel door with bars and cell numbers. Each prisoner was stripped and searched and sprayed, the same way as if they were going to a real prison. Each prisoner was given robes to wear with their own prisoner number on the back and on the front, and they could only go by prisoner numbers not by name. They also were given rubber slippers and chains wrapped around their ankles and hair nets as opposed to shaving their heads. There were three cells will three cots each, enough for the 9 prisoners. Each 8 hour shift had three guards each and even some on call for back up. The first day went well with no incident, the second day however the prisoners began to riot by taking off their hairnets, pulling off their numbers off their robes. Being outrages and infuriated the guards went into each cell stripped the prisoners, took their cots, and sprayed them with the fire extinguisher. The ringleader of the riot was put into solitary confinement by the guards. After only 36 hours, one prisoner #8612 then began to act crazy, to scream, to curse, to go into a rage that seemed out of control. It took quite a while before they became convinced that he was really suffering and that they had to release him. Guards forced the prisoners to repeat their assigned numbers in order to reinforce the idea that this was their new identity. Guards soon used these prisoner counts to harass the prisoners, using physical punishment such as protracted exercise for errors in the prisoner count. Sanitary conditions declined rapidly, exacerbated by the guards refusal to allow some prisoners to urinate or defecate anywhere but in a bucket placed in their cell. As punishment, the guards would not let the prisoners empty the sanitation bucket. Mattresses were a valued item in the prison, so the guards would punish prisoners by removing their mattresses, leaving them to sleep on concrete. Some prisoners were forced to be naked as a method of degradation. Several guards became increasingly cruel as the experiment continued; experimenters reported that approximately one-third of the guards exhibited genuine sadistic tendencies. Most of the guards were upset when the experiment ended after only 6 days. The experiment ended when Zimbardo’s girlfriend, Christina Masalach, a graduate student there to conduct interviews, saw how bad the prisoners were being treated and how the conditions were. It was also said that some prisoners had experienced more abuse during the middle of the night as well as pornographic abuse from the guards. So, therefore the 2 week experiment ended in only 6 days.

Romans 14 Essay -- The Book of Romans

The book of Romans was written by Paul. It is actually a letter that Paul wrote to the Romans telling them about his understanding of the Gospel. In this book his explains our sins and how we can achieve forgiveness through Christ. The most specific sin that he explains is that of judging one another. He helps address the problem of religious disagreements about different customs or religious convictions. These customs or religious convictions include the days on which people worship the Lord and the things that people will and will not eat. He wrote about the fact that we should not judge each other for God is going to judge us all in the end. "For this very reason, Christ died and returned to life so that he might be the lord of both the dead and the living." (Ro 14:9). The first distinction I want to make about this passage is the wording Paul used to describe Christ. He states that Christ died and than lived. His resurrection is what gives Him grounds to rule over the living and the dead. His power is as mighty in the living world as it is in the afterlife. We are never going to be on our own for he is there to reign over us for all of eternity. "You, then, why do you judge your brother? Or why do you look down on your brother? For we will all stand before God's judgment seat." (Ro 14:10). Paul is saying that we should not look down upon or judge a fellow believer. If what they are doing is truly in worship of the Lord, then who are we to judge them as though they are the ones who are wrong? The choices that he is dealing with are those of many people's religious traditions. One of these is the choice of which day different believers decide to worship the Lord. The other is whether or not a perso... ...he one who is going to judge us all in the end. Paul is letting us know that who we judge and how we judge them is going to be the same way that we are going to be judged on our day of reckoning. Everyone shall give an account of his life to the Lord. (Ro 14:12) This ending verse is basically a summary of what Paul has been writing about through most of chapter 14. It is there to say that in the end we will not be the ones who judge each other. Whether or not I have passed my judgment upon you in life will have no bearing on what happen to you in the afterlife. The same goes for if you are to pass your judgment on me. Our judgments have no affect on each other once we are brought before the Lord on our day of judgment. I will not be there to judge you and you will not be there to judge me. The Lord is going to be there to judge us all for our lives.

American Foreign Policy and the War on Terror

In the 21st century, the world is one in chaos- nations go to war for the slimmest of reasons, economies can topple overnight, and the ever-present threat of global terrorism holds the very real potential to kill thousands of innocent people in mere moments. Meanwhile, the United States holds the precarious position of being the largest and best established superpower in the world, generating an equal share of admirers and deadly enemies among the nations of the world.This being understood, the question begs as to what present day American hurdles such as the War on Terror have done to change American foreign policy? This research will attempt to answer this question through a comprehensive comparison of today’s foreign policy to that of the past, to the post and pre-9/11 world, and in conclusion, what all of this means for the future. American Foreign Policy Throughout History An excellent way to see how American Foreign Policy has seemingly evolved is to compare it in the mo dern day to how it functioned in earlier times of modern American history.For example, as the US recovered from the horrors and deprivations of World War II, a very real and stark situation emerged on the foreign policy front. Despite the eradication of Nazism and the defeat of the threat that the Empire of Japan had represented to the US on a global scale, the threat of Communism in the form of the Soviet Union essentially kicked the Cold War into high gear, from the late 1940s to the mid 1990s.With two superpowers- the US and USSR-both possessing the awesome power to literally destroy the planet through the use of nuclear weapons, there was a vested interest in both nations, while maintaining a defensive position against each other, avoiding armed conflict at all costs (Jenkins, 2006). Therefore, decades of stalemates existed until the Communist regime of the USSR collapsed under its own weight and unwieldy power. In contrast, terrorism is more of an invisible enemy, albeit just a s deadly as any opposing nation.Because of the difficulty in identifying exactly who terrorists are, from where they have come, and how they can be guarded against, it seems that the only way for a meaningful American foreign policy on this front to exist would be for the usual avenues of diplomacy, adherence to established rules and convention to be set aside- the governmental equivalent of taking off the gloves (Harding, 2004). Given such a scenario, it is possible to better understand the transformation of American Foreign Policy in a modern era of terror. Post and Pre- 9/11 American Foreign PolicyOn a clear, crisp day in September, 2001, the US was changed forever with the brutal terrorist attacks on New York, Pennsylvania and Washington, DC, the nation’s capital. This change not only effected the ways that Americans viewed each other and the safety level in their very own country, but the change also effected the way that the US created and carried out foreign policy. Ea rlier, the point was made that a fight against terrorists is vastly different than the battle against an organized, uniformed enemy and this calls for measures far different than ever carried out before.Perhaps it was easier for foreign policy to take shape in the days when the enemy was clearly identified and the US faced very little challenge to its power, anywhere in the world. However, once enemies began to come out of the shadows, and what were previously small, insignificant nations such as China, North Korea and India rose to levels of military, financial and diplomatic significance, the US was forced to reexamine foreign policy and adjust accordingly (Washington Times, 2007).With so many formidable nations on the international radar screen of sorts, every move that America made had to be studied before played out, much like a chess match, where each move could have a devastating response from an opponent. With such nations rising to prominence, their cultural, racial and rel igious differences also became more pronounced than ever before because in the past, these diverse nations were all somewhat insulated from one another due to the inability to lay claim to any kind of international clout.With the attainment of such clout, however, opposing nations began to clash on fundamental differences, and the US stood in the middle of it. In generations gone by, the US would have been able to merely step in and dictate how the disputes would be resolved, but that was essentially no more, and the US would essentially have to worry about retribution from both organized nations and the terrorists that hid in the shadows, ready to strike (Jenkins, 2006).This new era of American Foreign Policy would likewise bring forth another issue- aside from merely maintaining clout on the world diplomatic stage, how could a nation like the US promote democracy as it had in the past? American Imperialism, Pre and Post-Terror A key to the ongoing power of the American nation thro ughout its history has always been the ability to parlay military power into a means of spreading democracy across the globe, operating under the premise that if an opponent could not be defeated, they could be swayed more to the American way of thinking and thereby draw them closer to the alliance of the United States.After 9/11, however, all of this changed as well, as the US became diverted by the fight to protect its own native soil. Here, a great deal of controversy began to brew, and it continues today. The chaos that terrorism created in the US gave President George W. Bush and his administration the unique ability, under the premise of fighting terrorism and protecting the nation, to craft foreign policy with a dangerously sharp edge on it- policy, which essentially gave Bush permission to destroy any international haystack in search of a few small needles, as the search for terrorists often seems.Also, using the reasoning that the US needed to continue to have a free flow o f oil from the volatile Middle East, policy which put the US on the offensive rather than the defense of the past likewise made it possible for US troops to be deployed to any nation that supposedly harbored terrorists or posed some type of threat to American interests (Fouskas, et al, 2005). This has, in recent years, generated resentment not only from other nations, but from the American people as well, evidenced by President Bush having the lowest public approval numbers of any president in history. ConclusionTo sum up this research, what can be said about American Foreign Policy in relation to the War on Terror? In summary, what can be said is this- policy has seemed to derail as of late, focusing more on the interests of wealthy oil companies than the average American citizen and their need to be protected from terror. Therefore, what needs to be closely watched as the 21st century unfolds for America is that policy comes back to better mirror liberty and justice-for all. Works Cited Foreign Policy Adrift?. (2007, March 19). The Washington Times, p. A16. Fouskas, V. K. , & Gokay, B. (2005).The New American Imperialism: Bush's War on Terror and Blood for Oil. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International. Harding, B. (2004). An Orwellian Moment: The Myth of American Multilateralism Bruce Harding Reflects on the State of US Foreign Policy, in Terms of Its Self-Interest and Imperial Anchoring, as This Relates to the Current Administration's New Security Strategy and the War on Terror. New Zealand International Review, 29(3), 23+. Jenkins, G. (2006, June). From Kennedy's Cold War to the War on Terror: Gareth Jenkins Looks for Continuities in American Foreign Policy from the 1960s to the 2000s. History Today, 56, 39+.

Reflection On The Bright Light Of Dawn Shines Through My...

The bright light of dawn shines through my window as I glide around my bedroom. Today is a good day. I can feel it in the rays of sunshine and the air surrounding me. Today, something great is going to happen. The loud blaring of my phone’s alarm clock, tells me that I need to leave for school. The floor level of my home in Hill Grove, Tennessee is unusually quiet. Routinely, my dad is getting ready to leave for work. Today, he must have left early. After 15 minutes of walking, i arrive at the school. Hill Grove K-12 Public School is right in the center of our small town with only 514 total students.am the center of it. I don t want to make a scene that would give me more attention, so I ignore As i walk through the halls, the hairs on†¦show more content†¦I thought you told me that she was going to be staying home from school for a few days to collect herself. She’s acting weird, too; she doesn t even seem sad or anything.† After I hang up the phone, I race to my car and jam the key into the ignition. Why would she go to school knowing that she cant handle the whispers and pity? She was the one who asked me to stay home and I completely agreed. I don t understand. Sarah Mae â€Å"Could we please have Sarah Mae Lawrence for check out?† Mrs. Lance, the friendly receptionist asks at the door. I gather my things and follow her to the front of the school. â€Å"You have a nice day, sweetie. I m so sorry for your loss.† She whispers as I leave the building to find whoever checked me out. Why do people keep saying that to me today? I haven t lost anything. Greyson meets me by the door â€Å"Why are you here? I thought i told you to stay home. You don t need to be here, not after what happened.† â€Å"What in the world are you talking about? Why does everyone in this school keep giving me the look that you re giving me now?† Frustration wells up within me. Greyson’s eyes enlarge to the size of saucers. His mouth forms a small O and i can practically see the gears turning in his head. â€Å"We have to go home.† Greyson It makes sense now. She doesn t care because she doesn t remember. How am I supposed to tell my younger sister what happened. Is it even worth it to tell her? After we gotShow MoreRelatedThe Incredible And Sad Tale Of Innocent Erendira And Her Heartless Grandmother16345 Words   |  40 Pagesbad news, Erendira said, but it will never arrive. When she had finished bathing her grandmother, she took her to her bedroom. The grandmother was so fat that she could only walk by leaning on her granddaughter s shoulder or on a staff that looked like a bishop s crosier, but even during her most difficult efforts the power of an antiquated grandeur was evident. 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